
Members of the Gippsland Lakes population. Image: Adrian Howard
The new species has been formally named Tursiops australis and has been given the common name Burrunan dolphin, an Australian aboriginal name meaning “˜large sea fish of the porpoise kind’ in the Boonwurrung, Woiwurrung and Taungurung languages. It currently consists of two known resident populations in Port Phillip Bay and the Gippsland Lakes in Victoria, according to researchers from PLoS ONE Journal.
The Burrunan dolphin was originally believed to be one of the two formally recognised bottlenose dolphin species, but a closer examination revealed otherwise. “The species in Port Phillip Bay was a combination of the two of them, but also had some features that were quite different,” Ms Charlton-Robb said.
The first step in determining whether this was a new species was an analysis of the DNA regions from current populations and specimens dating back to the early 1900s. The researchers then analysed and compared the morphology of dolphin skulls, collected by various museums over the last century.
Ms Charlton-Robb said they also compared the external characteristics of the bottlenose dolphin populations. “Across all of those points, we kept finding more and more differences.”
The Burrunan dolphins are endemic to a small region of the world, with very small populations. The Port Phillip Bay population is believed to have approximately 100 members, while the Gippsland population has around 50 members.
Records suggest that there may have once been Burrunan dolphins in Tasmania, and there may be other hotspots in South Australia. Part of Ms Charlton-Robb’s research will focus on determining whether there are any more resident populations in Australia.
The dolphins also live near built-up areas, so they may be affected by human activity. “Port Phillip Bay is Australia’s biggest fishing point,” Ms Charlton-Robb said. “And they live quite close to the coastline right out in Port Phillip Bay.”
Ms Charlton-Robb is also examining the genetic diversity and health amongst these two groups as part of the effort to conserve them. “(We’re) also looking at getting them listed for greater protection under the Threatened Species Act.”

A Burrunan dolphin. Image: Kate Charlton-Robb